![]() At that time, only a handful of countries in Africa were independent: Ethiopia had never been colonized, despite multiple attempts of the Italians Liberia, founded by formerly enslaved persons, declared itself independent in 1847 and Egypt achieved independence in 1922. In Africa, the momentum that eventually led to independence started to take shape after the Second World War. Timeline Introduction African independence: A bird’s eye view ![]() Web resources : General | Cameroon | Togo | Mali | Madagascar | Somalia | DRC | Benin | Niger | Burkina Faso | Côte d'Ivoire | Chad | Central African Republic (CAR) | Congo (Brazzaville) | Gabon | Senegal | Nigeria | Mauritania Léopold Sédar Senghor - life and politics Léopold Sédar Senghor - speeches and political writings ![]() Senegal - Léopold Sédar Senghor / Ahmadou DiaĪhmed Sékou Touré - speeches and writings ![]() Introduction : General | Cameroon | Togo | Mali | Madagascar | Somalia | DRC | Benin | Niger | Burkina Faso | Côte d'Ivoire | Chad | Central African Republic (CAR) | Congo (Brazzaville) | Gabon | Senegal | Nigeria | Mauritania | Kwame Nkrumah | Ahmed Sékou Touré | Léopold Sédar Senghorĭemocratic Republic of the Congo - Joseph Kasa-Vubu / Patrice Lumumbaīenin - Hubert Maga / Sourou-Migan Apithy / Justin Ahomadégbé-TomêtinĬentral African Republic (CAR) - Barthélémy Boganda / David Dacko To receive updates on scientific publications on African independence leaders, subscribe to the ASCL Library alert service and indicate "independence leaders" under free search terms. The dossier is introduced by ASCL Library Information Specialist Germa Seuren and concludes with a selection of links to relevant websites. The dossier includes titles from the ASCL Library collection and is complemented by sources available through the broader Leiden University Library collection. Earlier updates: General Cameroon Togo Mali Madagascar Somalia Democratic Republic of Congo Benin Niger, Burkina Faso Côte d’Ivoire Chad Central African Republic (CAR) Congo (Brazzaville) Gabon Senegal and Nigeria. Also have a look at our corresponding timeline overview. The dossier has now been updated with its final section on Mauritania. The rich collection of literature by and about these three West African leaders kicked-off the dossier. The basis of the web dossier was laid to coincide with the 2019 Stephen Ellis Annual Lecture by Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong on 3 December, in which he focused on the lives of three first-generation African nationalist leaders: Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Ahmed Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal. (Photo: Visit of Iain Macleod, UK Secretary of State for the Colonies, to Northern Rhodesia in March 1960 demonstrations by the United National Independence Party (UNIP), Wikimedia Commons) It is a ‘growing’ web dossier that will be expanded monthly. On the occasion of this special year, the ASCL Library has compiled a web dossier about African leaders of independence. 2020 is the year in which 17 countries on the African continent will celebrate 60 years of independence. Africanists from Leiden University with partners from TU Delft and Erasmus University have organized ‘ Africa 2020’, a year full of workshops, seminars, film screenings, and two large conferences.
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